The effects of amnesia and its different types

The impacts of amnesia and its various sorts Amnesia is characterized as the full or fractional loss of memory that might be brief or changeless, making a noteworthy failure recall significant data to such an extent, that it has moderate to serious consequences for people life (Logsdon). The impacts of amnesia are identified with the sort of amnesia quiet is languishing. The most well-known impact is the powerlessness to review data put away in the drawn out memory. There are a few cases that patient can review past recollections, however he can't make new recollections, or even, unfit to do both review past recollections and make new ones (Nordqvist, 2009). There are numerous elements that cause amnesia, which are arranged in natural and useful. The natural variables are identified with wounds in the cerebrum, and loss of synapses in the frontal, parietal, and transient flaps. A reason for cerebrum injury is the point at which it is happened in auto crashes. The level of memory misfortune ordinarily is relative to the seriousness of harm in the cerebrum. Much of the time, amnesia isn't extreme and the recuperation is short-enduring (Nordqvist, 2009). A natural factor of cerebrum wounds is the mind has endured an infection contamination, for example, encephalitis (irritation), which the mind tissue is influenced by a mixed up assault of the resistant framework, or an inadequate gracefully of oxygen to the mind because of a coronary episode, respiratory trouble, or carbon monoxide harming (Nordqvist, 2009). Another factor of cerebrum injury is the maltreatment of liquor and medications, for example, dozing and burdensome pills, by a drawn out time, causing memory misfortune (Crystal, 2010). The useful elements are identified with enthusiastic stuns brought about by being the casualty of a fierce wrongdoing, youngster or sexual maltreatment, or being engaged with a battle, cataclysmic event, or a fear based oppressor assault (Nordqvist, 2009). Amnesia is introduced in numerous kinds relying upon the results happened to the influenced individual, or any horrible accident the person in question is influenced. The accompanying three sorts of amnesia are identified with the impacts in the people memory and the capacity to review data. Retrograde amnesia is the most widely recognized sort introduced in medical clinics, TV programs, and motion pictures. This is brought about by harm in the worldly flaps and particularly the hippocampus (Ellis-Christensen, 2010). Patients with retrograde amnesia can't remember recollections from the past happened before it is introduced, yet the capacity to frame new recollections and review after the beginning of amnesia isn't influenced (Wall, 2006). Anterograde amnesia is the converse side of retrograde amnesia. This is brought about by the harm to the hippocampus or encompassing cortices, debilitating memory development, and frequently it is changeless if the mind is harmed (Liden, 2010). Patients with anterograde amnesia can't frame new recollections from the moment that it is introduced and to review recollections as of late shaped on the grounds that data isn't moved to the drawn out memory. In any case, patients might have the option to learn new aptitudes without being encouraged again on the grounds that the definitive memory is disabled while the procedural memory keeps on working (Liden, 2010). Albeit anterograde amnesia is changeless when cerebrum harm is introduced, researchers really are examining approaches to apply neural versatility, the capacity of nerves to frame better approaches to recoup lost usefulness, to perform medicines for this and different maladies brought about by mind injury (Liden, 2010). Transient worldwide amnesia is a transitory all out loss of memory and the patient influenced can't remember any data reestablished in memory. The reasons for this illness are unsure, however a few theories build up it could be brought about by a decreased blood stream, an awful accident, stress, or an atypical kind of headache. This ailment will in general opposite itself after some time, however the transitory power outage can keep going for 24 hours or more (Wall, 2006). The accompanying kinds of amnesia are identified with upsetting occasions, or maltreatment of liquor and medications. Horrible amnesia is brought about by a hard hit to the head because of a fender bender. The individual influenced may encounter a short loss of cognizance, or even go into a state of insensibility. Most of cases are impermanent and it endures depending of the seriousness of the injury. Adolescence, or childish, amnesia happens when the individual can't remember occasions from youth. The causes could be this might be related with language improvements, or the conceivable outcomes of certain regions of the cerebrum were not completely full grown during adolescence. Wernike-Korsakoffs amnesia is brought about by extreme maltreatment of liquor, or by lack of healthy sustenance connected to thiamin inadequacy. Patients with this ailment have poor coordination and loss of feeling in the fingers and toes (Nordqvist, 2009). To analyze amnesia in a patient, a specialist will do an assessment to dispose of other potential reasons for memory misfortune, for example, dementia, sadness, a mind tumor, or Alzheimers infection. Initially, the specialist begins the assessment with a point by point clinical history, including the sort of memory misfortune, when the issues began and how they advanced, factors that began amnesia, for example, a head injury or a horrible accident, family ancestry particularly of neurological infection, utilization of medicine or liquor and medications, history of seizures, cerebral pains, sadness or malignancy, and different side effects (language issues, character changes, or weakened capacities) (Test and conclusion, 2009). Next, specialist will do a physical assessment, including a neurological test to check reflexes, tactile capacity, balance, or the physiological parts of the cerebrum and the sensory system (Test and conclusion, 2009). At that point, specialist will do an intel lectual test, testing patients thinking, judgment, short-and long haul memory. At long last, specialist will confirm any interior harm of the cerebrum through MRI, CT outputs, and electroencephalogram (Nordqvist, 2009). Up until this point, there isn't any prescription or medication for the reclamation of memory for patients with amnesia. Luckily in most of cases, amnesia is settled itself with no treatment. In any case, if a basic physical or mental issue is available, a treatment must be created. Word related advisor may assist patients with learning new data to supplant what was lost, or utilizing the current recollections to make new ones (Treatments and medications, 2009). Reality direction helps may assist patients with remembering whether he is encircled with natural articles, photos, scents, and music. In the event that patients are enduring the Wernike-Korsakoffs amnesia, a satisfactory nourishment can help. Entire grain oats, vegetables, nuts, lean pork, and yeast are rich wellsprings of thiamin (Nordqvist, 2009). End Amnesia is a sickness that generally implies halfway or all out memory misfortune as well as the capacity to store new recollections. Wellsprings of amnesia can be natural, for example, cerebrum injury brought about by a mishap, contamination to synapses, oxygen hardship, or maltreatment of liquor and drugs; and utilitarian, for example, horrible accidents or impacts of pressure. Amnesia can be grouped relying upon the components how this is introduced, for example, Wernike-Korsakoffs, horrible, or juvenile amnesia; and on the impacts in the usefulness of the cerebrum, for example, retrograde, anterograde, or transient worldwide amnesia. The analysis of amnesia in a patient relies upon a point by point clinical history so as to dispose of different sorts of malady, physical and intellectual tests, and a check of the cerebrum if a physical issue is available. Amnesia is reversible without anyone else, however on the off chance that physical or mental harm is introduced, medicines like substitution of recollections, reality direction helps, or a solid sustenance for Wernike-Korsakoff illness can be useful answer for resolve amnesia in patients.

Essay --

James Joyce’s tale, ‘A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man’, is a great case of a kã ¼ntslerroman, a kind of a bildungsroman, a story about growing up, which centers around the development of a craftsman. The topic of Stephen Daedalus’ scholarly improvement as a craftsman repeats all through this account by method of the memory of his recollections and the tangible depictions he can give. The development of Stephen’s craftsmanship is confirm by his developing interest with words and stories, Despite the fact that Stephen’s imaginative ability and interests don't appear to be restricted to only one section, prove by the way that he makes melodies out of discussions, â€Å"Pull out his eyes,/Apologise†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (2), he appears to acknowledge words more than all else. Proof of this example develops in the primary entry of the novel, when Stephen reviews Simon Daedalus, his dad, identifying with him the narrative of a â€Å"moocow that was down along the road† and â€Å"a nicens young man named child tuckoo†(1). In spite of the fact that the main section is described by an incompressible example of stream, similar to that of a child’s mind, St...

Bsa 375 Week 2 Individual Paper Essay

IT Solutions: Proposal for New HR System By College of Phoenix BSA/375 09/02/2013 Proposition for New Human Resource System In our mission to ever better ourselves the IT office, of Riordan Manufacturing, is presenting this Request for Proposal to coordinate an increasingly advanced, best in class, data frameworks innovation in our Human Resources division. Riordan Manufacturing has consistently strived to better ourselves by staying aware of innovation in the entirety of our working frameworks and our assembling frameworks. We will probably stay at the front line of the assembling network as we continue driving the path in the entirety of our business frameworks and, simultaneously, keeping the vibe of a client well disposed organization. We need to ensure that our clients can have a sense of security in the information that we will do what is important to satisfy their business needs. Starting at now, our Human Resource, (HR), Operating System, (OS), has missed the mark concerning this objective. It would be ideal if you comprehend that the framework that is set up, while it can finish the job needing t o be done isn't adequate enough for our developing association. At this moment, we are running many separate applications to process the entirety of the HR framework necessities. This procedure isn't just tedious, yet is anything but a cost productive arrangement that this organization is searching for. On the off chance that we need to achieve our objective we have to consolidate all the old HR frameworks into a solitary incorporated application. The IT office is hoping to finish this undertaking in roughly six (6) months, so the new framework can be used in the second quarter of one year from now. We need to have a model framework accessible for testing in around two (2) months before conclusive framework arrangement, for preparing and specialized help purposes. We will probably have all preparation and any issues fixed one (1) month before fire up. Thusly we will have the opportunity to apply any important changes to the framework. The new HR framework will have numerous applications that can be utilized across the greater part of our different business frameworks from Marketing and Sales to Inventory and Warehousing. We are seeking after companywide preparing to be finished inside four (4) months of startup, making the new framework accessible for all offices before the finish of the (third) quarter. The following are a few prerequisites that should be cultivated so the way toward incorporating the new HR framework will go easily. Access the Stakeholders Involved in System Startup The initial phase in setting up the new Human Resource Application, (HRA), is to accumulate data about the framework prerequisites and client needs from everybody that will be associated with the startup and rollout of the new framework. The way toward social event data from included partners can be a dreary procedure if an inappropriate methods are utilized. In this way, to assist this in a deliberate and opportune way we will be passing out examiners to all individuals from the Human Resource Department and to all Department heads. Utilizing Questioners will help the IT office get a thought of what necessities are normal from the new framework. It isn't cost productive to converse with every representative along these lines, it would be helpful for all that each examiner is rounded out in an auspicious way. We will be messaged to every worker on Monday September ninth, 2013 and might want a reaction no later than Thursday September twelfth, 2013, (for handling purposes). Examiners will likewise be accessible on the Employee Web Site under HR applications. Another procedure of social event the required data will be to direct gathering gatherings with the HR division officials and chiefs. The IT division will hold Joint Application Development, (JAD), meetings beginning Monday September sixteenth, 2013. These meetings are overseen forms that the IT office uses to assemble data in a productive, firm way. We need to utilize group inclusion with the goal that we can increase a firm comprehension of what you, the customer, will look for from the new HR framework. The JAD meeting will help we all mutually build up the new framework. Guaranteeing Successful Gathering of Project Information We, in the IT office, need to ensure that each framework prerequisite that perhaps be requested will be sent at the hour of the framework model presentation. To guarantee that this objective is cultivated we should assemble right, succinct and important data from every one of you, the stakeholdersâ involved in the framework improvement. Assembling great data will assist us with building up the framework formed to what you need. We comprehend that the data gathering procedure can be an overwhelming errand, however with your assist we with canning make this as easy as could be expected under the circumstances. Keep in mind, without your contribution on this venture the IT division can't rollout a framework that will be a successful instrument for Human Resources and the remainder of Riordan Manufacturing. The capacity to accumulate great data is the most significant procedure in all pieces of each System Development Life Cycle, (SDLC), and with everyone’s support in this proced ure the framework rollout will go easily. Building up the Project Scope and Project Feasibility Riordan Manufacturing needs all ventures that go into improvement to be fruitful. In the event that we need the new Human Resource framework to be effective we should establish an undertaking extension framework. Indeed, even with the input and inclusion of every partner and the accomplishment of different undertakings conveyed from the IT office quite possibly this new framework can at present fizzle. At some random time there will be vital changes to the task. These progressions can have a negative impact, however we will probably stay concentrated on the framework necessities. We need to conveys the new framework on schedule and under financial plan with the necessary capacities that are normal. We will likely set up a framework to oversee key parts of the new frameworks advancement: * Project Size †Understand how huge this venture will be * Project Goals †Make sure objectives are set and reachable * Project Requirements †All framework necessities are done To convey a completed task that meets the objectives over our Project Scope should follow a these five (5) steps: * Project Initiation †assess the need of the new framework and convey proper arrangements. * Scope Planning †Create a doable Work Breakdown Structure, (WBS) that graphs all the work that will be done on this undertaking. * Scope Definition †Working with you, the end client, grow in detail the work breakdown the will be required. * Scope Verification †Timely booked work evaluation and adequacy checks by the end client and the IT division during the SDLC of the new application. * Scope Change Control †Put a proper framework set up to control any framework changes that will occur. This willâ limit Scope Creep, (Unauthorized access to changes to the framework). As should be obvious, applying legitimate extension the executives will be critical in the advancement of the new Human Resource framework. End To remain as one of the pioneers in assembling we should continue attempting to develop. While we at Riordan Manufacturing have strived to be the best in the business there are events when we should investigate ourselves and see what changes are required with the goal that we can stay a pioneer in assembling strategies while as yet being a client neighborly association. The present Human Resource framework has fallen behind and is shielding us from keeping up all that we have decided to achieve. Incorporating an increasingly refined, best in class, data framework in our Human Resource office will achieve something other than the above objective. It will smooth out our business applications into a simple to utilize effectively available framework that will be cost proficient with little upkeep. This is the thing that we have consistently strived to achieve and this new framework will keep us on target. With legitimate arranging, making a decent task scope, assembling great, solid and significant data and with your consistent contribution all through the SDLC of the new HR framework we will be ensured of an effective venture fulfillment and rollout. Much obliged to You. IT System Manager 09/01/2013 References Wich, Darren. 2009. â€Å"Project Scope Management† IS 6840. Online http://www.umsl.edu/~sauterv/investigation/6840_f09_papers/Wich/scopemanagement.html Heldman, Kim. PMP, April fourteenth, 2009. â€Å"The Importance of the Project Scope Statement†. Lakewood, Colorado. On the web. http://pm.97things.oreilly.com/wiki/index.php/The_Importance_of_the_Project_Scope_Statement Blankenburg, Joanne. September ninth, 2012 â€Å"Use Joint Application Design (JAD)

The Unusual Secret of Gmat Argumentative Essay Samples

The Unusual Secret of Gmat Argumentative Essay Samples When you purchase an argumentative essay from Ultius, you may rest assured our expert writers will do anything it requires to guarantee the sample order is 100% correct before you login and download this, and if your criteria has changed, no issue, totally free revisions are included with each purchase. After you've decided on a subject, think about the advantages and disadvantages of the problem. Moreover, our English-speaking writers make sure every order has original content and a suitable structure. A controversial issue is going to have nearly equal quantity of folks supporting the issue as the opposition. For instance, you ought to keep the readers in mind as you select arguments to strengthen your position. When choosing an issue to argue, you should select a topic that has more than 1 side. Though the response may start to deal with the assigned task, it provides no development. Our convenient and confidential message process is right here in order to assist you. Where to Find Gmat Argumentative Essay Samples Buy argumentative essays from us and find the very best part of study that you deserve from a trustworthy essay writing service. If you understand what you will create GMAT essay, be sure you search the world wide web and read more books. If you get a very clear essay, readers will understand easily what you would like to tell. Nowadays it is extremely difficult to locate a trustworthy essay writing service. For instance, a PDF file is going to be noted PDF in the search engine. There's several essays completed by them. Whenever you aren't exactly certain how to compose an argument essay, you ought to get a great sample paper because it is going to end up being a valuable resource that enable you to finish the assignment effectively. There are numerous argument essays on such sites. Custom against the death penalty papers, a succinct murder isn't right, the third objection against capital punishment is that it's always possible an inmate. For instance, there isn't any way you may argue on the subject of whether humans walk on two legs because it is a known fact with no attached debate. When you drop an argument, it is likely that you only used opinion to back up your position. You'll certainly lose the argument if nobody wishes to read your essay. The Hidden Gem of Gmat Argumentative Essay Samples Bridget's essay is extremely strong, but there continue to be a couple little thing s that could be made better. Becoming in a position to argue in a logical and reasonable manner is an excellent life skill. The net has made our life a good deal simpler. When it's your time to compose argumentative essay, you came to the correct spot. Gmat Argumentative Essay Samples Ideas It's fine to jot down simple thoughts and sentence fragments. Writing has existed for quite a very long time. Be aware that excerpt is a fancy word for a brief piece taken from a lengthier work. Furthermore, our writers know that buying an argumentative essay is an extremely peculiar practice. Since you can well imagine that such essays aren't written by professionals so they may not be of the quality that you are interested in finding. One of the simplest methods to comprehend how to establish and format this sort of essay is to use an example for a guide. Writing argumentative essays requires a lot of time to finish, especially when you don't have an assigned topic. So when you purchase sample argumentative essays from Ultius, you will have the peace of mind you have earned from a comprehensive writing service. The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the vast majority of our clients require is essay writing. Our consumer writing services are constructed around the idea of providing quality argumentative essays and being the ideal sample writing service on the web. There's a remarkable solution to your issue!

Music Therapy And Its Effects - 2117 Words

Following the developing of social sciences, everybody has started to get concerned about the issue if music is good for healthy body and mental recently. This phenomenon makes the music therapy becomes popular. Music therapy is defined as â€Å" the therapeutic use of music as to reduce anxiety, improve cognitive functioning, promote physical rehabilitation, or enhance interpersonal communication that typically involves listening to music, singing, playing musical instruments, or composing music â€Å" in the Merriam-Webster.com. In other words, through the activity of music people can improve physical or psychological disease that achieves cure and health. For many centuries, music has been applied as a therapeutic tool and effected some disease treatment of methods. In 18 century, the idea of music as a therapy that showed the article in Columbian Magazine titled † Music Physically Considered. † In 19 century, many psychiatrist started to use the music to cure dise ase and even experiment it to their patients. In 20 century, especially after World War I and World War II, throughout apply the music therapy for the veterans suffering both physical and emotional injury from the war. Music extremely effective solve the variety of diseases, for example, depression, during pregnancy, and dementia. Nowadays, music therapy extends to application in hospital or school of disability children. In the end, the professional organization was established that increased theShow MoreRelatedMusic Therapy And Its Effects854 Words   |  4 PagesMusic therapy is not currently a widely recognized option of treatment. If an individual goes to see a healthcare professional nowadays, it would be highly unlikely that that individual would receive a recommendation for music therapy treatment. Yet, music therapy is an established field of medical science that dates back to the time of the ancient Greeks. So, what is music therapy? Music therapy is defined as â€Å"tre atment including creating, singing, moving to, and/or listening to music† (â€Å"What isRead MoreMusic Therapy And Its Effects1064 Words   |  5 PagesMusic Therapy is the use of music interventions in the healthcare field to help patients accomplish their goals with an accredited professional. It can be used to treat a variety of ailments, both physical and a mental. Music therapy interventions can be designed to promote an individual’s well-being, manage their stress levels, and even to enhance their memory. The purpose of this paper is to look at the way that nurses can use music therapy as a way to heal someone from the inside out. It willRead MoreMusic Therapy And Its Effects On Society1697 Words   |  7 PagesFortunately, for the people facing these issues, there is. Music therapy is a relatively new approach that doctors, teachers, and many others are taking to help heal and improve the quality of life for their patients and students. It’s starting to become more common around the United States and is expected to become even more popular in the future. Books like Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart support the idea of music therapy by demonstrating how music can be used to soothe and improve the moods of individualsRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Patients1061 Words   |  5 Pagesof physical and psychological symptoms and side effects that negatively impact their quality of life and ability to cope with and manage an illness. Providing a choice of music durin g a receptive music therapy session may not only distract the patient from negative affective states, but also may provide a sense of autonomy and control over a patient s immediate environment. The purpose of the essay was to determine whether receptive music therapy can improve two general dimensions of emotional experienceRead MoreThe Effect Of Music Therapy On Cognition1592 Words   |  7 Pages The Effect of Music Therapy on Cognition in Children with Retts Syndrome Brandon Akers Arkansas State University Author Note This research is proposed to better understand the impact of music therapy on cognition in children with Retts Syndrome. The knowledge presented is based on my own findings from a review of the empirical and theoretical literature relevant to this topic. It is important to study the effect music therapy has on Retts Syndrome candidates in order to better teach necessaryRead MoreThe Effects Of Music And Music Therapy On Mental Health1540 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Music and Music Therapy on Mental Health A Review of Studies Done â€Å"The American Music Therapy Association (AMTA) defines music therapy as ‘an established health profession in which music is used within a therapeutic relationship to address physical, emotional, cognitive, and social needs of individuals’† (Barnett Shale, 2013, p.48). Music Therapy (MT) is shown to be able to help people with many different kinds of mental health problems such as anxiety, stress, and minorRead MoreMusic Therapy And Its Effect On Children1883 Words   |  8 PagesMusic plays an important role in everyone’s life and, although the majority of people nowadays have heard of music therapy, not many are exactly sure of what it is nor are they aware of its beneficial effects (Peters 2). Children, in particular, have shown significant improvement in their disabilities when subjected to musical therapy. Music therapist Ulla Holck’s studies show that â€Å"music therapy can meet the basic needs of children with special needs, such as behavioral problems, attention skillsRead MoreMusic Therapy And Its Effect On Society1786 Words   |  8 Pagesabout my own experiences with music and how music affects all mankind, I wondered how others were affected by music. Does music really make a difference or is it just an opinion. As early as the days of Aristotle and Plato, it was believed music had healing powers. (1- AMTA) When I began researching music therapy, it was much different than what I expected but I do believe it is a career that can beneficial to all. As I continued to explore the benefits of music therapy, I found much research thatRead MoreThe Therapeutic Effects of Music Therapy2408 Words   |  10 Pagesobjective of music therapy is to achieve therapeutic effects coinciding with or without the use of drug therapy. Patients in the hospital setting and at home are utilizing this new wave of therapy. While opening gates for better communication during treatment, it also helps patients better mana ge their illness, disease, or stressful situation. Primarily, music therapy is used for patients suffering with long-term disabilities such as dementia, in crisis situations that have devastating mental effects, inRead MoreThe Effects Of Music Therapy On Children With Autism1406 Words   |  6 Pagesthose healing methods is Music Therapy. Music Therapy has been shown to help many people of all age groups, a specific group being children with autism. It helps benefit children with autism by improving their communication and social skills. Just simply listening to music calms and puts the brain at ease. Music Therapy is beneficial to this specific group because though they may have deficits socially, they show none when it comes to musical affect. This form of therapy allows autistic children

Globalization And Its Effect On Instructional Development

Globalization as an idea has been developed as a part of both constructive and adverse route by diverse individuals in unique circumstances. Everybody takes a look at the idea from his or her perspective and hobbies. On the other hand, there is an understanding among all academics that globalization has had a tremendous effect on social orders on economic, political, and social levels. From the writing on globalization, it appears as though everything is globalizing in this world as a consequence of the change of the world to a little town, a worldwide town. This implies fringes are not any more unusual obstructions to any sort of association furthermore, mix between countries. It is contended in the writing that such effect of†¦show more content†¦Globalization in training intends to make way for disclosure and to shape the instruction area. Globalization in instruction intends to acquire the progressions the working of the instructive foundations in connection with the out side organizations. I might want to talk about every one of the things I have said in this section and might want to clarify globalization in education great and terrible qualities in each developing country. Many people believe that, education is one of key local factors that can be used to moderate some impacts of globalization from negative to positive and convert threats into opportunities for the development of individuals and local community in the inevitable process of globalization. How to maximize the positive effects and minimize the negative impacts of globalization is a major concern in current educational reform for nationally and given the phenomenon of â€Å"globalization†, economic growth of the last decades has been accompanied by a worsening of inequalities in the world and in particular, inequalities of access to knowledge. As an experience I grew up in a developing country and I learned in my country, Ethiopia from elementary to my first two years of high school. I could not say that I faced some difficulties but I can say that people who live in the rural area of Ethiopia, especially women and girls face a lot more complications to go to school than men around. It is believed that women should be in a kitchen around most of

Swissness Bill free essay sample

In the era of globalization, manufacturing processes are no longer confined to a single country. As a result, it is often challenging for consumers to know the true origin of the products that they buy. At the same time, a product’s country-of-origin can have significant influence on consumers’ perceptions of the products. Swiss products present an exceptionally good reputation around the world; consumers perceive Swiss products as highly reliable and with very high quality. In fact, stating their â€Å"Swiss origin† induces substantial economic value for the producers; products can be marked up by at least 20% 1 with the â€Å"Switzerland† country-of-origin label alone. Essentially, the â€Å"Swiss† origin acts as a brand on its own. As a result, the â€Å"Swiss† brand has attracted increasing number of â€Å"free-riders† and instances of wrongful uses. The Swiss officials are concerned about the potential damages that such wrongful uses can bring to the â€Å"Switzerland† brand. The deceptive usages of the â€Å"Switzerland† brand may mislead consumers and cause them to lose confidence to all other Swiss products; hence damaging the value of the â€Å"Switzerland† brand as a whole. As a result, the Federal Council of Switzerland proposed the Swissness Bill in an attempt to promote and strengthen the protection the â€Å"Swiss† brand. In this essay, I will explain why the Swissness Bill was proposed under globalization and the impacts of the Bill on local producers and consumers. 2. Why was the Swissness Bill proposed under globalization? 1 Stephan Feige, Benita Brockdorff, Karsten Sausen, Peter Mathias Fischer, Urs Jaermann, Sven Reinecke, 2008. Swissness Worldwide – International Study on the Perception of the Brand Switzerland, University of St. Gallen. 1 In this section, I will first analyze the â€Å"Switzerland† brand itself to explain why a brand, which is essentially just a country-of-origin label, requires protection. Secondly, I will explain how globalization addresses he need of such protection by looking at the influences from contemporary global production networks. Thirdly, I shall look at the current situation of statutory rules concerning the protection of â€Å"Switzerland† designations to explain the necessity of the Swissness Bill. 2. 1 â€Å"Swissness†- the â€Å"Switzerland† Brand The term â€Å"Swissness† has been used widely in anything that is typically Swiss since the late 1990s. In essence, the term refers to the application of Switzerland as a brand to Swiss products 2 . By applying â€Å"Swissness† to one’s brand, the positive attributes associated with Switzerland- such as efficiency, exclusivity, high quality, precision and reliability- can be transferred to the brand; this is commonly referred to as co-branding 2. Essentially, the Switzerland brand is a nation brand. Like all other nation brands, it is a common property. Unlike other ordinary product brands, it does not have a brand owner who can manage the brand. Ideally, a brand should provide consistent values across its products to generate a homogenous identity. However, the values that the â€Å"Switzerland† brand delivers can be rather inconsistent as it is a common property that can essentially be used by anyone. The management of the Switzerland brand is essentially carried out by all the brands which present themselves as Swiss. The activities and actions that these brands conduct can directly affect the Switzerland brand- if these actions are inconsistent with the values of the â€Å"Switzerland† brand, they can potentially weaken the brand. To avoid such 2 Regine Wieder Veronika Hubl, 2012. What is Swissness?. School of Management and Law, Zurich University. 2 inconsistencies, it is crucial for the Swiss officials to take actions to coordinate and manage the â€Å"Switzerland† brand. 2. 2 Global Production Network Consumers are willing to pay premiums for the â€Å"Switzerland† country-oforigin label because of the positive attributes associated with conventional Swiss products and Switzerland itself. According to studies conducted by the University of St. Gallen, the premium can amount to 20% of the original sales price; and even up to 50% for luxury products 3. However, consumers are willing to pay this premium because they expect these â€Å"Swiss† products to be Swiss both inside as well as outside; they expect the â€Å"Swiss† products to be actually made in Switzerland. They expect goods that are produced in Switzerland to have higher quality. In fact, over 80% of Swiss products consumers expect food products that are produced in Switzerland to have stricter controls than those produced elsewhere 4 ; hence they expect food products from Switzerland to have better quality. However, a product under a Swiss brand may not necessarily be fully produced in Switzerland anymore in today’s world of globalization. Therefore, can we still associate the Switzerland attributes to these products even when they are no longer produced in Switzerland? 3 Stephan Feige/Benita Brockdorff/Karsten Sausen/Peter Mathias Fischer/Urs Jaermann/Sven Reinecke: Swissness Worldwide – International Study on the Perception of the Brand Switzerland, University of St. Gallen et al St. Gallen et al. 2008 4 Bern 2007. Origin of Agricultural Products. Demoscope Research Marketing, Federal Office of Agricultural. 3 Transnational Corporations (TNCs) are now able to coordinate and control their production networks across national boundaries, to take advantage of the geographical differences between their factors of production. Many products nowadays consist of parts from all over the world and are produced in more than one country. This raises the question of how much of a production process should a product have in order for it to be considered â€Å"made in Switzerland†. Therefore, it is crucial for Swiss officials to determine the criteria required for such internationally produced products to be considered as â€Å"Swiss†; so that the â€Å"Switzerland† brand can be preserved in the long term. 2. 3 Current Situation The contemporary conditions for the use of â€Å"Switzerland†, â€Å"Swiss made† or other designations are imprecise and thus lead to legal uncertainty. According to the Federal Act on the Protection of Coats of Arms, the â€Å"Swiss coat of arms† may not be registered as a trademark for goods and may not be affixed to goods for commercial purposes† 5 . Using the Swiss cross to indicate a product’s origin is regarded as a commercial purpose and hence is considered illegal. However, non-commercial and decorative uses are considered legal. Yet, in actual situation, distinguishing between the legal decorative usages and the illegal commercial usages can be difficult. It is clear that firms have been exploiting this ambiguity. Similarly, the conditions for the use of â€Å"Switzerland† and â€Å"Swiss† are very general in the Federal Law on the Protection of Trademarks and Indication of Source6. It states that â€Å"the origin of goods shall be determined by the place of manufacture or 5 Federal Law on the Protection of Coats of Arms and Other Public Insignia of 5 June 1931 (WSchG; SR 232. 21) 6 Federal Law on the Protection of Emblems and the Name of the Red Cross of 25 March 1954 (SR 232. 22). 4 by the origin of the basic materials and components used† 7 . However, there is a lack of judicature on the specifications of such conditions; the decision of the commercial court of St. Gallen is one of the very few. It specifies that the manufacturing costs of a product must be at least 50% and the essential manufacturing process must be conducted in Switzerland. However, what is considered â€Å"essential manufacturing process† remains vague and unclear. Moreover, in the international context, the Federal Institute of Intellectual Property often has to forgo litigations against illegal uses of â€Å"Switzerland† designations because of the nature of the â€Å"Switzerland† brand as mentioned above- it is a common property and hence it does not exist in legal sense. Therefore, a legitimate plaintiff cannot be assigned to any â€Å"Switzerland† designations. Consequently, there is no clear legitimacy for the Swiss officials to file any actions against the illegal uses internationally. They can merely â€Å"notify† the illegal parties involved. The current statutory rules and their implementations are inadequate to protect the â€Å"Switzerland† brand. More precise, clearly defined statutory rules should be proposed in order to preserve the â€Å"Switzerland† brand in the long term. 3. The Swissness Bill The existing statutory rule provides very general regulations on the use of â€Å"Switzerland† designations and the conditions of using geographical indications. The proposed legislations, under the Swissness Bill, strives to strengthen the protection of the â€Å"Switzerland† designations by imposing more precise criteria when determining the geographical origin of products and services. It defines precisely how much 7 Article 48, para. 1 Trademark Law 5 â€Å"Switzerland† a product has to be for it to be labeled as â€Å"made in Switzerland†. The specific criteria are summarized below: Natural products must be harvested in Switzerland for them to be considered â€Å"Swiss†. For processed natural products, at least 80 percent of the weight of the raw materials composing the product must be from Switzerland. Moreover, the production process that gives a product its unique characteristic must be conducted in Switzerland. For industrial goods, at least 60 percent of the manufacturing costs must be incurred in Switzerland, including research and development costs. Moreover, at least one essential manufacturing procedure must be conducted in Switzerland. For a service provider, its headquarter and an administrative centre must be located in Switzerland for it to be considered â€Å"Swiss† 4. Impacts on local companies We may now look at how these proposed changes in the statutory rules regarding the designation of Swiss origin affect the local producers. Opposing views are likely to occur between smaller Swiss companies and the larger transnational Swiss companies. 4. 1 Smaller Swiss companies Smaller Swiss companies are likely to welcome the new amendments because most of their productions are located domestically. They are likely to prefer more restrictive statutory rules because they are the ones who have been following the rules and are particularly vulnerable to the damages brought by the free-riders. Free-riders who present their products as â€Å"Swiss†- but are not originated from Switzerland in 6 actual fact- may carry contradicting attributes that damage the â€Å"Switzerland† brand as a whole. Their qualities are often inferior to those of the authentic Swiss products. This causes damages to the â€Å"Switzerland† brand as a whole because consumers are deceived and are led to perceive Swiss products as having deteriorating quality. The damage of the â€Å"Switzerland† brand is likely to affect small Swiss companies more significantly because their branding strategy are much more reliant on the co-branding effect from the â€Å"Switzerland† brand. They do not have the resources that the large companies have to develop extensive marketing campaigns to induce a strong brand image themselves. Consumers generally place more weight on the country-of-origin when they are faced with the weaker brands. 4. 2 Large Swiss Companies On the other hand, large Swiss companies are likely to oppose the new amendments because of their global production network. In most of the cases, these large companies were able to grow to such an extent in the first place because they were able to internationalize their value chain activities to grab hold of the comparative advantages of different countries. These locational-specific advantages are superior features of a country- such as natural resources, land, labour and climatethat create competitive advantages for the companies. However, with the new amendments, they may have to abandon some of these comparative advantages to keep hold of their â€Å"Swissness† competitive advantage. Consequently, they may become less competitive in the international market. 4. 3 Local companies as a whole Despite the potential opposing views from different companies, I believe the Swissness Bill can be beneficial to local companies overall. The Bill protects those 7 who are truly â€Å"Swiss†, barring against the free-riders who do not carry the â€Å"Swissness† attributes but are trying to take advantages from presenting themselves as â€Å"Swiss†. It protects the core competitive advantage of many â€Å"Swiss† brands by ensuring the delivery of consistent â€Å"Swiss† values to consumers. Large transnational Swiss companies should not lose sight of their core competitive advantage when they internationalize. The â€Å"Switzerland† brand is a common property that requires collaborative efforts from all its stakeholders to manage and protect against inconsistent usages. At the same time, the values of the â€Å"Switzerland† brand that they are able to preserve and create can be shared by all the stakeholders. 5. Impacts on Consumers It is apparent that consumers can benefit from the Bill. The â€Å"Swiss† products that they purchase under the Bill are truly â€Å"Swiss† both inside and outside. The products are ensured to deliver consistent â€Å"Swiss† attributes to consumers. Consumers are promised to enjoy these â€Å"Swiss† attributes in return for the premium they pay on the â€Å"Swiss† products. However, there is a possibility that the extra costs of production, as a result of large transnational companies having to relocate some of their value-chain activities back to Switzerland, will be borne by the consumers. Therefore, consumers may have to pay even higher premiums for â€Å"Swiss† products in the future. Nevertheless, despite the possibility of higher premiums incurred by the â€Å"Switzerland† brand, consumers will no longer be deceived by the wrongful uses of the â€Å"Switzerland† brand, which I believe is the more important issue. 6. Conclusion 8 In the contemporary era of globalization, distinguishing a product’s countryof-origin can be challenging due to the complexity of the global production networks nowadays. This issue poses significant threats to genuine Swiss products specifically because of the special co-branding effect derived from â€Å"Switzerland† as a brand itself on the Swiss products. As a result, the Swissness Bill was proposed and it aims to protect the â€Å"Switzerland† brand by imposing stricter criteria for determining whether a product can be considered as being â€Å"Swiss†. The impacts of the Bill on local producers can vary according to their specific circumstances but I believe a well-managed and consistent â€Å"Switzerland† brand can strengthen the core competitive advantages of most Swiss products. In turn, consumers also benefit from the certainty about the value that the â€Å"Swiss† products deliver. Therefore, the Swiss Bill will be a beneficial decision for Switzerland to implement fully in the future.

The Best Things in Life Are Free free essay sample

The best things in life are free. † This is one saying that has many sides to it. There is the side of buying the best things, the spiritual way and then the other is that the best thing in life is your family. For me this is true. The best thing in life is my family and my friends, but they aren’t cheap. They are a lot of dough, if you know what I mean. The thing with this is that you have to pay for your family to survive. Everything isn’t free or at least the best things aren’t. Truth is that you have to pay in some way with everything from the worst thing to the best thing. Unless, of course, you are a very lucky person. An example of free is our â€Å"freedom† here in America. They always say that we are all free and created equal. We will write a custom essay sample on The Best Things in Life Are Free or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The truth behind that is we end up paying for our freedom with taxes. Even when we vote, it doesn’t matter who we want or who majority of us vote for. It doesn’t matter who we want, we don’t have a say in it. The electoral college will decide and then we end up living in the darkness, the darkside, the underworld or the Inferno. Other best things that help us survive aren’t free, but the air outside that we breathe unless Obama is going to make us pay for that, too. Food isn’t free, unless you dumpster dive for last night’s leftovers. Clothes aren’t free, unless someone donates or gives them to you. Houses or shelter isn’t free, unless it’s a homeless shelter or if you live outside. So what really is free? What does free even mean if it is nowhere to be found? Does it exist? People say that life is free. Is this right? In some ways it can be. We are sent here for free. We didn’t pay any kind of fee to come here, besides the fact that we were to live a life. My definition of free is when there is no price to it. There is a price to life though. That is we live, go to school, get a job, spend money, get married, have a family, pay taxes, retire and then die. Is this really the price of life, the price of the best things? Life is the best thing and it doesn’t come free. Nothing is free in the world that we live in.

Dream Interpretation And Interpretation Therapy Essays - Free Essays

Dream Interpretation And Interpretation Therapy Essays - Free Essays Dream Interpretation And Interpretation Therapy Dream Interpretation and Dream Interpretation Therapy There are many facts that are unknown about dreams and their meanings. For centuries, philosophers and scientists have tried to understand the meaning of dreams. They have all been fascinated by the fact that the content of dreams may have meanings relating to ones life. Are dreams just thoughts in peoples minds, or are dreams in fact representations of different areas in peoples lives? Dreams represent many different areas of ones life in physical, emotional, and mental ways. Dreams can relay to people facts about their lives that they are not even aware of. There are also many ways that dreams can help cure different physical, emotional, and mental problems in ones life. This paper will discuss dreams and their meanings, and ways of interpreting a dream using such methods as hypnotherapy and psychoanalysis therapy that can help a person in physical, mental, and emotional ways. The first fact that will be discussed is what dreams are and how they work for people in allowing the person to discover more about himself. Dreams can be defined as a conscious series of images that occur during sleep (Colliers, vol. 8). Dreams are usually very vivid in color and imagery. They reveal to the dreamer different wishes, concerns, and worries that he or she has. Dreams usually reflect every part of who the dreamer is. The content of the persons dream is usually made up according to how old the dreamer is and how educated the he or she is (Colliers, vol. 8). Dreams are not planned out or thought up. The unconscious part of the mind brings out bits and pieces of information in the dreamers mind and places them together. According to Encarta, dreams are almost always visual. Forty to fifty percent of dreams have some form of communication present in them and a very small percentage of dreams give the dreamer the ability to use his or her five senses (Encarta). Dreams allow one to take a closer look into his mind and himself in a quest for self-discovery. Dreams can be used to solve all different types of problems. In Sigmund Freuds book, The Interpretation of Dreams, Sigmund Freud states: As regards the dream, all the troubles of waking life are transferred by it to the sleeping state [] (Freud 113). They relay things about a person that the person may not be able to see. Sigmund Freud says that certain images in dreams sometimes have significant meanings relating to the persons life. Different objects in the dream may serve as a symbol (Kalb 77). Symbols in dreams usually mean something much deeper than simply being an object that just happens to be in the dream. They represent different areas of ones life that deal with ones physical, mental, and emotional being. These symbols will relay information about ones life if these symbols are interpreted. Dreams are a private language, known only to ourselves (Cartwright 5). Dreams have the ability to relieve all people of their everyday problems in life. They have a way of setting one free from reality, which includes all of ones problems. Dreams help one to overcome these stresses and help people to get on with their lives. Sigmund Freud states, The waking life never repeats itself with its trials and joys, its pleasures and pains, but, on the contrary, the dream aims to relieve us of these (qtd. in Burdach 474). This statement means that though a certain experience in a persons life can never happen again, dreams allow the person to relive those memories, and they can also allow the person to overcome the stresses of other memories that bother him or her. Memories that continue to stay in peoples minds from their childhood are very often included somehow in the dream. No memory that a person has once experienced will ever be lost because it is stored within the persons mind and kept there. A persons conscious mind is the mind that he uses when he is awake and aware of what he is doing. The conscious mind has the ability to make distinctions between reality and the fantasy world. A person is able to

Tactical Leadership Versus Organizational leadership Essay

Tactical Leadership Versus Organizational leadership - Essay Example Tactical and organizational leadership styles are two of these which are undertaken and adopted for similar aims and objectives. Each of these modes of leadership has one thing in common- achieving the defined goals and objectives, the difference is in the path following, procedures adoption, tools and techniques employment. Before understanding the two forms of leadership styles, it is imperative to define each and better understand the background and concept under which each is implemented and is most effective. The two have considerable differences between them, as well as similarities in functions, nature and execution. This paper looks into the overall relationship and individual existence and performance domain and style of each leadership style. Backed by intensive thinking and brain storming (Person, 2010, 46) and solid execution, while organizational leadership is supported by smooth decisions enforced by organizational observation and participation. The basic genesis of the concept of tactical derives from the previous experiences and observations. Based on all the knowledge and expertise gained, the leadership duties and responsibilities are performed accordingly. These actions may be the experience gained in individual capacity or experience based on the collective actions taken by the team and the organization which allows for experience derivation for future course of action. Certain variables are associated with this kind of leadership style; these are the time frame and constraint, the extent of participation of the leader and the element of charisma (Porter, Angle, & Allen, 2003, 246). As a result of the prior knowledge the steps are undertaken to solve the problems and devise a strategy according to the requirements. Such form of leadership still is highly effective when there is direct contact with the sub ordinates such as military on the field interaction and war

The role of women performers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The role of women performers - Essay Example In addition, both articles address the way music has undergone transformation through age and artists with Nicky Minaj being the current mc while the likes of missy Eliot in the 1990’s (Article 2). While article 1 discusses the form of music which hulls abuses at women which is the gangster rap since this environment is considered a masculine performance environment; article 2 discusses a form of music where women and their growth in the music industry is highly appreciated. On the other hand, article 1 talks about the topic "Unladylike Divas": Language, Gender, and Female Gangsta Rappers† while article two talks about, â€Å"The return of the Femcee: New female rappers shake up the game† hence, the first article is quite retrogressive while the second article is progressive. It is true and quite clear that women have today cropped into majority of the fields that were previously known to be purely for men such as in the music industry where women today can perform genres of music, which only men performed. Hence, women have experienced progressive growth hence renegotiation of femininity as expressed through their prowess in both gangster rap and hip-hop music (Lengel, Laura and John

Marriott Corporation” the Cost of Capital Essay Example for Free

Marriott Corporation† the Cost of Capital Essay What is the weighted average cost of capital for the Marriott Corporation and cost of capital for each of its divisions? – What risk-free rate and risk premium did you use to calculate the cost of equity? – How did you measure the cost of debt? – How did you measure the beta for each division? Solution What risk-free rate and risk premium did you use to calculate the cost of equity? – Risk-free rate proxy The risk-free rate is determined using the yields of U. S. Treasury securities, which are risk-free from default risk. U.S. Treasuries are subject to interest rate risk, therefore, the selected maturity should correspond to an investment horizon[1]. – Investment horizon According to the cost-of-capital calculation methodology used by Marriott Corporation, lodging division was treated as long-term, while restaurant and contract services divisions were treated as short-term because those assets had shorter useful lives. – Expected return proxy Arithmetic average return is more suitable than geometric mean as it is better in estimating an investment’s expected return over a future horizon based on its past performance (geometric mean is a better description of long-term historical performance of an investment). – Risk-free interest rate Taking into account the above, arithmetic average annual returns of long-term U.S. government bonds for the period 1951-1987 (4.88%, see Appendix 1) is  considered to be risk-free rate for lodging division. Arithmetic average annual returns of short-term U.S. government bonds for year 1987 (5.46%, see Case Exhibit 4) is considered to be risk-free rate for restaurant and contract services divisions. – Market proxy SP 500 index is selected as a market proxy as it is believed to be close to the true market portfolio. As it is important to use historical returns for the same market index used to calculate beta (which is given), an assumption is made that the given leverage data is calculated based on the same SP 500 index. – Market risk premium Market risk premium should be calculated for the same horizon as that used for the risk-free interest rate. Thus a spread between SP 500 composite returns and long-term U.S. government bond returns for the period 1951-1987 (7.88%, see Appendix 2) is a market risk premium for lodging division. A spread between SP 500 composite returns and short-term U.S. government bond returns for year 1987 (-0.23%, see Case Exhibit 5) is a market risk premium for restaurant and contract services divisions. How did you measure the cost of debt? Marriott Corporation and each division are given market value-target leverage ratios and credit spreads as well as U.S. government interest rates as of April 1988 (see Case Tables A and B). According to investment horizons discussed above, the following cost of debt is estimated: How did you measure the beta for each division? Ideally, when estimating beta by using past returns, time interval should be consistent with an investment horizon. Betas given in Case Exhibit 3 are estimated over 1986-1987 period. As these are the only betas given, they are assumed to be relevant for both long-term and short-term investment horizons. Equity betas of each division are calculated from comparable hotel and restaurant companies. Equity betas are then unlevered taking into account financing structure of each company according to the following formula: [pic], where Tax = 40% An average of unlevered betas of comparable companies is assumed to be a proxy for unlevered betas of Marriott divisions. For calculations of unlevered betas for each division see Appendix 4. What is the weighted average cost of capital for the Marriott Corporation and cost of capital for each of its divisions? WACC is calculated according to the formula given in the case taking into account the tax shield. Cost of equity is calculated according to CAPM model.

Juvenile Criminals Should Not Be Tried as Adults :: Juvenile Crime Jail Prison Essays

Juvenile Criminals Should Not Be Tried as Adults Today?s court system is left with many difficult decisions. One of the most controversial being whether to try juveniles as adults or not. With the number of children in adult prisons and jails rising rapidly, questions are being asked as to why children have been committing such heinous crimes and how will they be stopped. The fact of the matter is that it is not always the children's fault for their poor choices and actions; they are merely a victim of their environment or their parents. Another question asked is how young is too young. Children who are too young to see an R rated film unaccompanied are being sent to adult prisons. The only boundaries that seem to matter when it comes to being an adult are laws that restrain kids from things such as alcohol, pornography, and other materials seen as unethical. Children that are sent to adult prison are going to be subjected to even more unprincipled ideas and scenes. When children can be sent to jail for something as minor as a smas h and grab burglary, the judicial system has errors. The laws that send juveniles to adult prisons are inhumane, immoral, and unjust. Kids are often incompetent, which leads to unfair trials. Adult prisons are also very dangerous for minors, and in many cases this leads to more juvenile crimes. People support sending juveniles to adult prisons for many reasons. One reason is that it is the job of the courts to help protect society. Once a troubled juvenile is sent to an adult prison, they are out of the way of society. Hopefully when they re-enter, the punishments they received will be imprinted in their brain and stop them from performing any wrong again. Another reason people think that disturbed youth cannot be saved is that punishment will not save them from themselves and they just need to be locked up forever. It is thought to be true that juveniles who are sent to jail will not commit the same crime again or even any crimes at all. All the reasons and opinions that say that juveniles should be sent to adult prisons for their heinous crimes seem logical. Despite this, they are not. There are more rational reasons why adolescents should be sent to their own private penitentiary. One of the reasons for sending juveniles to a separate prison than

Hart and Positivism Essay

According to Hart law consists of primary and secondary rules. The primary rules are the rules that are â€Å"rules of obligation.† (Hart. Pg 204) This means that primary rules are rules that obligate a person to do something or to not do something. For example, the first Amendment, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceable to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.† (http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Am1) The first Amendment is an example of a primary rule because it directly affects the people of the United States of America by allowing them to have the freedom of religion, press and expression. This is an example of obligating a person not to do something, which means that the person is not obligated to have any other religion other than their own, for example. The second part of law is the secondary rules. Secondary rules only affect primary rules. This means that a secondary rule can help clarify, alter, eliminate, bring into effect, verify or determine whether a primary rule has been broken. For example the only reason we have the first amendment of the United States Constitution is because of Article 5 of the U.S. Constitution which states, The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate. (http://www.usconstitution.net/xconst_A5.html) Article 5 of the constitution is a perfect example of a secondary rule (in this case a â€Å"rule of change†) because it allows one to see exactly how a secondary rule affects a primary rule. With Article 5 of the Constitution, the United States is capable of applying amendments to the constitution (or otherwise known â€Å"the Law of the Land†) of the United States. Article 5 of the constitution is an example of a secondary rule classified as a â€Å"rule of change† as stated by Hart. A â€Å"rule of change† allows an office or officials to be able to implement new primary rules so as to be able to adapt to the changing of times and the constant creation of new situations. The â€Å"rule of change† simply allows the system to be able to adapt to their society and not allow the primary rules to go static. To become a law there are two parts that need to happen, according to Hart. First there needs to be the initiation of a primary rule statute by a delegated official or office in power. Once the primary rule is made a secondary rule, the rule of recognition, is enacted. The rule of recognition simply allows private persons and officials the ability to be able to identify the primary rules of obligation. This secondary rule conclusively identifies the primary rules of obligation so as not to be confused as to what are the obligations the primary rule bestows. To have primary rules of obligation and secondary rules of recognition, there needs to be an office or official to be able to adjudicate these rules. To be able to adjudicate these rules there would need to be an additional secondary rule of adjudication. This would allow a judge to be able to determine whether or not the primary rule has been broken. Within the rule of adjudication there would also be rules on the roles of the judge as well as identifying who are to be the judges. With the rule of adjudication there is no question of whether or not a law has been broken and this solidifies the primary rule of obligation. With the ideas of Hart this shows that laws and morality can be separable, but they are not necessarily separated. It is possible to have a separation between low and morality by having some sort of primary rule that would state â€Å"no one rule will introduce the morals or characters of others into the legal system.† It is also possible though for an official delegate to implement a primary rule into the legal system and have it backed by a secondary rule of recognition. Having the secondary rule of recognition would potentially make the morality based primary law a valid legal law. In Hart’s idea morality and law are â€Å"separable†, in the meaning that they are capable of being separated, but they are in no way impossible to be able to be combined in law. Without there being a way to identify morality and making it a subordinate to statute, there can’t be a definite separation with Harts theory. Work Cited 1. Reading in the Philosophy of Law (pg 202-207) 2. www.usconstitution.net (1st Amendment, Article 5 of the Constitution)

Best Practices at Best Buy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2569 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Best Buy is a company that makes use of the Results-Only Work Environment (ROWE). The company abandoned the traditional models of the working environment and promoted a freer working environment.   The company introduced the Results Only Work Environment that not entail the use of schedules.   Instead, ROWE involves changing the culture of the business rather than altering the plans. Changing the organization’s culture is more difficult to change changing the organization and schedule. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Best Practices at Best Buy" essay for you Create order The organizations leaders ensure that their employees work from ant where and at any time as long as they produce their results (Armstrong Armstrong, 2011).   During the implementation of the ROWE, the change of culture commenced at the leadership position towards the entire corporation.   The second step during the implementation was communicating the philosophy of ROWE to the training managers and the corporate managers on maintenance and control of ROWE in workplaces.   Their step involved freeing the working units and leaving them to find out a how they will implement the changes.   Each particular team had a different way to maintain flexibility from getting chaotic. After the implementation of ROWE in the company, research was conducted which indicated that there was an increase in the manner productivity. Additionally, it was also observed that increased engagement of employees with their jobs also led to increasing ion sales. Therefore, Brest Buy’s working env ironment is an efficient environment which enables freedom for employee’s hence promoting productivity. The human resource management in the best buy has various roles of retaining, motivating and recruiting.   The human resource management entails, plans, programs, and policies companies adopt with a goal of utilizing employees to the fullest. There are various factors that Best Buy Human resource management should consider as they implement their new working model.   To start with, the organization needs to fathom that work performance is a function of motivation, work organization, capabilities, and employment relation (Boxall, 2015). During the implementation of the ROWE model, the HTRM plays a vital part.   It ensures that the model is affirmed by all stakeholders, the right policies, plan, and programs are in place to enhance effective communication. Stakeholders Stakeholders are vital factors of an organization. They could be creditors, employees, unions, directors, government agencies, or the community.   Before implementing the change in culture, the organization should ensure that every stakeholder agrees to the change process and understand the objectives of the change in the organization. This will enable smooth implementation without any hindrance like lack of finance, non-corporation from employees, and lack of unity.   Various stakeholders will focus on the success of the organization and change in its culture. The director and staff will be more interested in the changes in working environment since they are the immediate stakeholders who also work in the environment (Cronin et al, 2012). Additionally, creditors and debtors would also be interested in the company’s performance since they have invested some money in the firm. Therefore, human resource managers working the organization have to ensure that they put in place more effective policies, plans, and programs that will enable the increase in performance. Environmental factors During the transition from tradition work environments to ROWE working environments, there is a need to fathom the benefits and the limitations of the ROWE model.   The major advantage of this type of working environment is that it enables employees to balance both their personal lives and their career lives. Organizational managers should fathom that flexibility, work life balance and happiness are significant components of a fulfilling and well-balanced career life. Therefore, employers and managers should ensure that their employees balance the work and personal lives to make sure that they are happy, motivated and productive.   The results only working model has been characterized by the employee happiness, flexibility, and productivity.  Ã‚   ROWE has associated with an increase in employees’ motivation as well happiness (Hernandez OConnor, 2010). The focus on results only frees ‘the employee from scheduled working to a freer working environment in which an e mployee works when it’s most convenient for him or her.   This type of working model has led to increases in productivity. This model forces employees and managers carry out positional examinations within organizations and set significant objectives for each team member.   This enhances individual analysis of employees hence being a position to point out any employee who isn’t using his or her time wisely.   This model also ensures that workforce is comprised of motivated, strong and self-driven employees hence ensuring that there are maximum output and performance. The working environment is of great significance in determining the success of an organization.   Best buy has adopted a different working environment that aims at increasing productivity by facilitating a better life and work balance as well as freedom. To achieve their objectives, the organization has to ensure that it maintains a friendly and supportive working environment.   Theoretically, it has been proposed that the improving the working wellbeing and conditions of employees is more likely to improve productivity (Levoy, 2007).   This is due to the minimization of uncertainty, hostility, risks hence increasing motivation and happiness as well as job satisfaction. On the other hand, there are various factors that could affect the working environment of organizations. Best Buy is also an organization which the limiting environmental factors would affect their productivity. A major environmental factor that could affect this organization is goal setting. In goal setting employees should be involved in the setting of significant organizational performance goals. This could be conducted informally or as part of a company’s formal performance management process. Research has shown that employees are a motivated by various factor apart from payment.   Setting objectives is also another source of motivation for employees and organization.   Through setting goals, employees have a vivid perception of hat they intend to achieve hence develop a plan and a way of achieving it.   Research has shown that the setting of more specific goals than generalized goals motivates employees since they understand what is needed of them.   Therefore, as Best Buy assimilates the new working environment and culture, it is of great significance to ensure that they pay keen attention to goal setting. The company should incorporate the employees in making goals and objectives. Additionally, the management of the organization should ensure that they set specific goals for their employees hence making it easier to achieve them as well as enable better preparation and planning on how to achieve them.   Notably, provision of relevant feedback is of great signi ficance in setting goals since it improves efficiency. Through effective goal setting, it is possible to higher working behaviors chances as well as aid in generating commitment to the organizations and the goals. Another environmental factor that could have a significant impact on the Best Buy Company is the performance feedback. Performance feedback is the exchange of information and process of conflict resolution between the supervisor and employee.   It entails both negative and positive feedbacks on the employees’ performance on the performance as well as feedback on how to improve the performance.   Supervisors and managers should feel comfortable while working with an all workplaces factors that affect the employee performance. According to research, performance feedback is the conflict resolution and information exchange process that occurs between supervisor and employee. Provision of feedback to the employees enables them to provide feedback on the requirements. Information exchange could be conducted through formal and informal ways.   Therefore, Best Buy managers should ensure that they provide a feedback frequently and often on their employees performance to ensure th at the employee can assess his or her performance. Failure to provide feedbacks leads to low motivation since the employees do not understand how their work is sand also leads to low performance since employees do not understand on which areas to improve on. Supervisor support is also another major environmental factor that could affect the Best Buy. It is always vital for employees to finish their in successfully.   The supervisor’s major obligation is encouraging or facilitation positive interrelation and increases employees confidence; leading to improvement in employee performance. Respected and skilled personnel’s should be available to employees to aid them in improving their performance in their present duties as well as helping them develop their future roles (Phillips, 2012). Immediate supervisors play the role of employees advocate hence gather and distribute resources required by employees and provides encouragement for any jo that is well executed.   This factor could impact Best Buy Company since the company’s working environment is not scheduled or constrained in the office. Therefore, the management has to ensure that employees who are working at home or in other location are also supervised or hav e a way of interacting with the supervisor. This is also a vital factor that also facilitates better performance from employees. Best Buy Company is making use of ROWE In this model, the organization has to ensure that its employees are fit for the task and exhibit all other significant qualities required.   There is various process through which the management of the organization should use to ensure that the employees recruited are qualified and possess the required traits. The first selection and recruitment methods are through job analysis.   This process entails selecting and developing a method of assessment that enables understanding the requirements of a particular job and shows the required abilities, skills, and knowledge of effectively handle the job. This analysis method could be used to evaluate an individual’s ability to clearly communicate, self-confidence and precisely utilizing, eye and gestures. The ability to show professional appearance and demeanor and the ability to show calmness during stressful tasks. Information in job analysis is utilized as a basis for creating assessments . In particular, assessments are created to show measurements of the most crucial tasks. Some assessments could entail work samples encouraging job candidates hence requiring applicants demonstrate that they can execute the task effectively. Additionally, other assessments techniques measure abilities that needed to execute task effectively like physical abilities, mental abilities or personality traits on the requirements of a job. Assessment methods There are various the Best Buy company can make use of make external or internal selections. Internal selections involve hiring or recruiting individuals within the organization while external selection involves hiring and recruiting individual outside the organization. The first major assessment method could be Cognitive Ability Tests. This kind of assessments take measurements of various mental abilities like mathematical and linguistic ability, reading comprehension as well as reasoning ability (Truss et al, 2012). This test is successful in making predictions of job performance hence significant in selection and recruitment process. The personality test is also another assessment method that assesses traits that are of significance to the performance of a job. The major personality factors frequently assessed include extraversion, agreeableness, emotional stability, conscientiousness as well as openness to experience. Biographical data could also be used as an assessment method w hich entails biodata inventories that question applicants on their personal interest, characteristics as well as the background. The significance of this data is that it enables employers to forecast an applicant’s future performance using the past performance. An integrity test is also major assessment methods that measure an applicant’s experiences and attitudes associated with the applicants trustworthiness, honesty, and dependability. Likewise, the management could make use structured interviews as an assessment method. This kind of interviews are made up of particular question sets designed to assess crucial abilities, and skills that are needed for a particular job. Criteria for evaluating and selecting assessment methods Best Buy comp-any should ensure that theory make use of the most appropriate assessment methods while conducting their recruitment. There are various factors that the organization should consider. They include; validity of the assessment methods. Validity refers to the extent which a method is significant in the prediction of subsequent task performance. Another factor to consider is the adverse impact of a method. This is the degree to which the groups under protection have a lower score during the assessment compared to the majority group. The cost of administration and assessment of an assessment method is also a significant factor to consider. Additionally, the management should also consider the applications response and reaction towards assessment methods. Negative reactions from the majority of the applicants could mean that an assessment method is less effective. Retaining Employees Various techniques and factors will ensure Best Buy Company retain their employees.   Apart from freedom, three major factors will assure employee retaining.   To start with, vivid communication is a major factor that makes employees feel Important and part of the organization.   Managers need to communicate their objective of the organization as well as employee goals and explain the connection between the employee and organization goals.   This can be achieved through the use of tools like The Great Game of business. In this tool, employees are shown how each of their contributions has aided the organization to achieve its objectives (International Conference et al, 2012). Additionally, Best Buy managers should ensure that the mission statement vividly shows the objectives that keep the employees motivated and focused towards the success of the organization. Additionally, the managers should ensure that there is alignment between objectives and values are shown in the missi on statement (Herzberg et al, 2010). This leads to higher commitment levels. However, this occurs only if the employees understand the purpose commonalities. Likewise, listening is also an essential management factor.   While holding communication with employees, managers should ensure that they carefully listen to employees’ comments, questions and make honest responses to them. This enables managers’ point out several problems facing the organization.   Additionally, employees should also be part of the decision-making process.   This indicates that their opinions are taken seriously and count. This creates more respect and trust between employers and employees. Development and Training Most employees seek companies that will enable them to learn as they work. Creation of development opportunities enables managers to understand that they are valued and its one of the most desirable traits of an employer.   Development and training can be conducted in various ways.   It could include [providing mentorship and job training. These forms of development are the easiest to manage and aid in retaining the best people. Mentoring of employees requires managers to develop trust between employers and staff.   Therefore, this requires that managers maintain close relationships with their employees. Moreover, training enhances employees obtain skills that could aid them to improve and advance their careers within the organization. Promotion of development and learning within an organization enables managers to understand how their employees perform in differing situations. Acknowledgment and Praising. This is among the easiest ways through which a manager can engage employees and maintain high production. This involves the use of simple terms like a great job, thanks to you, congratulation, which makes employees feel valued and important. Studies show that 70% of employees allege that absence of recognition is a primary reason they opt to leave their present jobs.  Ã‚   Praising of people after they achieve a goal or do something positive has a longer lasting effect on the staff compared to giving punishments (Vischer, 2012).   When praised, other employees know about and always work harder to get a similar acknowledgment. For managers to find acknowledging and praising easy, they have to ensure that they appreciate employees and do not take them for granted. Therefore, through the above report, Best Buys organization shall ensure that it will retain its employees and also increase their productivity.